Purpose: Endodontic infections are polymicrobial. This study was undertaken to characterize and perform an antimicrobial susceptibility test on Leuconostoc sp. isolated from acute endodontic infections in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, from June to October 2014. A questionnaire form was used to collect the clinical data. Biochemical standard techniques were used to isolate bacteria, and identification was made by API 20 Strep gallery. Antimicrobial susceptibility was carried out by the diffusion method on a solid medium.
Results: The age group of 19–40 years (67.7%) was more significant among the 93 patients included in the study. Acute cellulitis was accounted for 66.7% while acute apical periodontitis was observed in 33.3% of cases. Two exudate samples were positive to Leuconostoc sp. showing 100% sensitivity to lincosamides (lincomycin and clindamycin). On the other hand, they were 100% resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, 50% resistant to the macrolides (spiramycin and erythromycin), and the 3rd generations of cephalosporins (cefotaxime, cefuroxime, cefixime, and ceftriaxone).
Conclusion: Leuconostoc sp. was associated with acute endodontic infections and an opportunistic pathogenic bacterium. The primary objective of the treatment of endodontic infection is to eliminate biofilms by a chemomechanical treatment. Dentists must avoid the overuse of antibiotics to prevent the emergence of antibiotic‐resistant bacterial strains.

Abstract | Full Text PDF

Purpose: The objective of the study was to evaluate post-obturation pain on the 1st, 3rd, and 7th days on single-visit endodontic treatment after taking antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs.
Methods: Permanent molars were managed with single-visit root canal treatment after pre-medication in 80 patients. Patients were randomly assigned to four groups (n = 20); Group-1; amoxicillin (500 mg) + clavulanic acid (125 mg), Group-2; aceclofenac (100 mg) + paracetamol (325 mg); Group-3; anti-inflammatory and antibiotics; and Group-4; without pre-medication. Medications were administered 1 h before treatment. Patients filled a visual analog scale form to rate their pain at 1st, 3rd, and 7th days. Kruskal–Wallis test was used to obtain mean rank and the level of significance was set at 0.05.
Results: The mean rank on the 1st and 3rd post-operative days for each group, was; Group-1, 51.78 and 55.70, Group-2, 32.60 and 29.95, Group-3, 17.65 and 19.25, and Group-4, 59.98 and 57.10, respectively. Mean rank value was least in the Group-3, followed by Group-2, Group-1 and Group-4. No statistically significant difference in the mean rank was found on the 7th day.
Conclusion: Pre-medication with antibiotic and anti-inflammatory drugs was the most effective in reducing post-operative pain followed by anti-inflammatory alone and least when antibiotic was given.

Abstract | Full Text PDF

Purpose: The enhanced filling material removal efficiency of XP-Endo Finisher (XPF) and XP-Endo Finisher R (XPFR) files was reported in several studies. However, the impact of this efficiency on the debris extrusion is unknown. Therefore, this study was planned to evaluate the amount of apically extruded debris using these instruments during retreatment.
Methods: Forty-five mandibular premolar teeth were instrumented with ProTaper Next system and filled with gutta-percha and an epoxy resin-based sealer using single cone technique. Teeth were randomly divided into three groups according to the file used for root filling material removal (n = 15): Reciproc, Reciproc + XPF, Reciproc + XPFR. Apically extruded debris was collected in pre-weighed Eppendorf tubes. The dry weight of the extruded debris was calculated by subtracting the weight of the empty tube from that of the tube containing debris. Distribution of data was determined by Shapiro–Wilk test. Groups were compared with one-way analysis of variance. The significance level was set at p =.05.
Results: All file systems were associated with apical debris extrusion. No statistically significant difference was found among groups (p>.05).
Conclusion: XPF and XPFR files when used as a supplementary file for improving retreatment have no significant effect on the amount of apically extruded debris.

Abstract | Full Text PDF

Purpose: Endodontic emergencies constitute a substantial portion of dental emergencies. This study was carried out at the Yalgado Ouédraogo University Hospital Center aimed to determine the different types of endodontic emergencies and their epidemiological and therapeutic aspects to better understand these events.
Methods: This was a descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional study conducted from January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2017, involving patients who sought an emergency consultation. The collected variables were age, gender, the reason for consultation, diagnosis, and treatment.
Results: The number of included patients was 227, of whom 126 (56.8%) were female. Endodontic emergency consultations accounted for 51.54% of the dental emergencies. Pain was the main reason for the emergency consultation in 60% of cases. Irreversible pulpitis was the most common type of endodontic emergency, with a frequency of 44.8%. The most common (55.5%) emergency treatment was based on medication followed by a surgical treatment (22.47%) and medical-surgical treatment (22.03%).
Conclusion: This study showed that endodontic emergencies are the most common type of dental emergency. The lack of equipment and medical consumables limits the quality of care for such cases.

Abstract | Full Text PDF

Maintenance of the original root canal morphology is mandatory during root canal preparation. The creation of a glide path is an important clinical procedure to pre-shape the root canal from orifice to apical foramen to prevent shaping errors. A successful glide path reduces torsional stress, creates a smooth and original shape for subsequent root canal preparation, and reduces procedural errors such as instrument failure, canal transportation, and ledge formation. The glide path preparation was usually realized with conventional stainless steel hand files; however, in recent years, numerous nickel-titanium rotary files have been specially designed for glide path preparation. This review aims to provide current information about the glide path, glide path preparation techniques, and glide path files.

Abstract | Full Text PDF

The present case highlights the 12-year follow-up of delayed replantation of a maxillary central incisor which was avulsed due to trauma. The complications seen in the present case were ankylosis and replacement resorption. Clinically, the tooth was asymptomatic and in infraocclusion; however, esthetics was maintained. Information on the long-term outcome and prognosis of surface treatment by the application of tetracycline HCl is lacking and this case report highlights the result of root surface treatment with tetracycline HCl.

Abstract | Full Text PDF